OLLI Course: Disaster Preparedness

OLLI Course: Disaster Preparedness

Course: Description | Instructor | Topics | References | Updates

Description: Disaster Preparedness: The Really Big One

  • upcoming: ?
  • previous: Zoom: Winter 2022; Spring 2021; Winter 2021
  • Course URL: https://communicrossings.com/disaster-preparedness
    or: https://communicrossings.com/olli-course-disaster-preparedness
    this site will continue to be available and updated
  • Disaster Preparedness: 6 MB, 123 pp,
    these web pages as .pdf (landscape) with active links; updated: 1/1/2022
  • downloadZoom: Use, Setup, Safety;
    recordings of sessions available to registered students
    -- contact instructor.
  • Also see Topics (below) for detailed ToC and general references.
  • AIRIf you have already lessened your property's fire vulnerability
    and have planned for how to evacuate yourself and loved ones, congratulations!
  • What about other disasters? Students will learn about how to prepare for earthquakes,
    wildfires and other risks in the Rogue Valley.
  • The instructor will discuss alert systems, family disaster plans,
    emergency kits, go-bags and “2 Weeks Ready” supplies,
    evacuation during a fire versus sheltering-in-place after an earthquake.
    He will also address community programs, training and online resources.
  • Recommended reading: "The Really Big One" by Kathryn Schulz, New Yorker, 7/13/2015;
    subtitle: "A [Cascadia] earthquake will destroy a sizable portion of the coastal Northwest. The question is when."

steveInstructor

AIRTopics

rvem handbookReferences

Disaster Preparedness: Emergency vs. Disaster

Disaster Preparedness: Emergency vs. Disaster

Emergency | Disaster | Natural Disasters | Human-caused Disasters |
Measuring Disasters / Mapping Risk | Possible Responses? |
Levels of Response: Preparedness, Policies, Plans, Resources

Emergency

  • An emergency occurs usually suddenly, at an individual / local level,
    and requires immediate professional attention:
  • e.g., Medical Emergencies: heart attack, stroke, accident
  • e.g., Home Fires
  • Your Actions: call 911
  • Responders: Local Fire, Paramedics, Police
hazard+vulnerability=risk
Questions in Risk Assessments from FEMA Course MGT-461
Evacuation Planning Strategies and Solutions

Disaster

  • Hazards are events that pose a risk to vulnerable societies.
  • Disasters are major disruptions caused by hazards.
  • A disaster affects more people than an emergency,
    often with large-scale destruction of life and property
  • Some areas of Oregon have experienced one or
    more of these natural disasters: Earthquake, Wildfire, Flood,
    Heat, Hurricane (Typhoon), Landslide, Thunderstorm, Tornado,
    Tsunami, Volcano, Winter Storm
  • Our focus here: natural disasters expected in the Rogue Valley:
    Wildfires (and Smoke), Earthquakes, Floods [sections 6-9]
  • Your Actions: keep you and family safe; get informed;
    follow your plan; rely on your own resources until other help is available.
  • Responders:
  • Local Fire, Paramedics, Police are likely overwhelmed for a significant period of time
  • logoFamily & Neighbors check on and care for each other,
    e.g., Map Your Neighborhood (MYN)
  • Trained Volunteers assist & augment local emergency personnel and city staff,
    e.g., Ashland CERT (Community Emergency Response Team), Ham radio operators
  • Regional, state and federal governmental and relief organizations provide and coordinate staff and resources,
    e.g., Rogue Valley Emergency Management (RVEM);
    Oregon Office of Emergency Management (OEM); Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA);
    note: most "Emergency" Management organizations can scale-up to handle "Disasters"
  • disaster1"Save the Earth?
    Earth will be just fine (it’s seen worse).
    It’s ourselves we have to save."     ~Karen Grove,
    our local OLLI geologist, highlighting who's really
    harmed by climate change or natural disasters.
  • The quotes (on right) are from a presentation by James Roddy,
    Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries
    (DOGAMI) about Disaster Risks: volcanoes, tsunamis,
    and especially Cascadia earthquake
  • disaster2Each disaster label below links to description on ready.gov
  • Ashland Emergency Preparedness
    Evacuation Zone; Evacuation Levels; Get Ready; Wildfire Info; Fire Adapted Ashland;
    Chamber of Commerce Preparedness Toolkit; Smokewise Ashland; Nat. Weather Service
  • Jackson County Emergency Management
    Citizen Alert; Wildfire & Smoke; Get Ready Rogue; Jackson County Plans;
    News & Information; Resources; Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan
  • Rogue Valley Emergency Management (RVEM): Jackson & Josephine Counties
    Citizen Alert; Incident Info; Get Ready Rogue: Know Your Hazards; Preparedness Fundamentals;
    Special Considerations; Kit Types; Resources; Preparedness Calendar; Prep U
  • Other information may be included from organizations above
    CERT, OEM, DOGAMI, FEMA -- acronym overload!;
    plus Ashland Fire&Rescue (AFR), American Red Cross (ARC);
    NASA; Nat. Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin. (NOAA);
    Nat. Weather Service (NWS); US Geological Survey (USGS); ...

monthsNatural Disasters

Human-caused Disasters

CDCOther Disasters

Measuring Disasters / Mapping Risk

Possible Responses to Disasters?

preparedness, response
recovery, mitigation
Phases of Disaster Management from FEMA Course AWR-310
Natural Disaster Awareness for Community Leaders

Levels of Response: Preparedness, Policies, Plans, Resources

Disaster Preparedness: 1. Be Informed: Alerts and Communications

Disaster Preparedness: 1. Be Informed: Alerts and Communications

Introduction | JC Citizen Alert |
Emergency Alert Systems: EAS, WEA, ShakeAlert |
Sirens | In-person | Phones; Texting |
TV; Radio | Official Websites; Social Media | Apps

noaa
"National Archives at College Park - Still Pictures,
Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"
Make sure your NOAA radio is properly set
so you will be notified about disasters or severe weather.

Introduction

  • An authorized public safety official is available and
    creates a message to distribute. Message sent?
  • A resident has a working device. Turned on?
    Message received and noticed?
    Language and content understood?
  • Electricity, landlines, cell towers and/or internet
    may be down or unreliable/overloaded.
  • Do you have redundant ways to receive alerts and trustworthy info,
    especially if your preferred ways aren't accessible?
  • Understand the evacuation levels (next section) used in communications:
  • ready set goLevel 1: Be Ready -- you have a plan; monitor emergency info; know what to take, start to pack
  • Level 2: Set -- everything packed at front door or already in car
  • Level 3: Go -- evacuate now!
  • ready.gov: Alerts, Get Tech Ready

everbridgeJackson County Citizen Alert (Everbridge): rvem.org

Ashland

  • Ashland has switched to Citizen Alert (like Jackson County) from earlier "Nixle" system;
    some historical (Almeda) info is included.
  • Ashland citizens are encouraged to create a new account with Citizen Alert replaces Nixle; Ash; 8/11/2023
  • Sign up here: ashland.or.us/alerts for most options;
    Text: 97520 to 888777 to sign up for emergency text Alerts, only
  • optional: Text: WATERSHED to 888777 for Controlled Burn Alerts
  • Nixle Messages 9/8/2020 - 9/11/2020
  • Almeda After Action Review (AAR):
    Lessons Learned, .pdf; 30 pp. 12/20; some of the Ashland survey questions:
    Were you enrolled in Nixle before the Almeda Fire on Sep. 8th?
    Did you find the Level of communication through Nixle to be adequate during the Almeda Fire’s active phase?
    How did you access Almeda Fire resources or informational updates from the City?
    How could the City have improved its notification process for you?
    During the Almeda Fire, were you ever personally advised to evacuate immediately?

Elsewhere in Jackson County

ipawsEmergency Alert Systems EAS: TV, Radio: WEA: Cell phones; ShakeAlert

  • e.g., AMBER, Presidential, severe weather alerts, ShakeAlert, Citizen Alert (Everbridge)
  • Integrated Public Alert & Warning System (IPAWS): FEMA's national system for local alerting
    that provides authenticated emergency and life-saving information to the public
    through mobile phones using Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA),
    to radio and television via the Emergency Alert System (EAS), and
    on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Weather Radio (NOAA).
  • fema.gov: EAS, WEA; weather.gov: NOAA
  • tvready.gov: EAS, WEA, NOAA; fcc.gov: EAS, WEA

Emergency Alert System (EAS)

  • EAS (TV/Radio) : national public warning system commonly used
    by federal, state and local authorities
    to deliver important emergency information,
    such as weather and AMBER alerts, to affected communities
    via broadcast & satellite radio and TV providers,
    cable systems, and wireline video providers.
  • TV or radio: turned on, volume audible?

textamberWireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)

dropShakeAlert

  • "Earthquake Detected! Drop, Cover, Hold On. Protect Yourself. -USGS ShakeAlert"
  • "Terremoto detectado! Agachese, cubrase, sujetese. Protejase. -USGS ShakeAlert"
  • ShakeAlert from USGS is an
    earthquake early warning (EEW) system that
    detects significant earthquakes so quickly that
    alerts can reach many people before shaking arrives.
  • ShakeAlert is not earthquake prediction,
    rather a ShakeAlert Message indicates that an
    earthquake has begun and shaking is imminent.
  • Based on location and the magnitude of
    P-wave (primary, pressure) information from sensors,
    the method can provide warning seconds*
    before slower S-wave (secondary, shear,
    side-to-side, surface) arrives, bringing the strong shaking
    that usually causes most of the damage.
  • *Number of seconds of warning depends on location of epicenter,
    rock types, speed of signal detection & processing, message distribution:
    :00 -- at OR Coast (seismometers on land, rather than deep offshore)
    :20-:30 -- in Rogue Valley for Cascadia event off So. OR coast
    :30+ -- in Rogue Valley, if epicenter farther north
  • If ShakeAlert is enabled in your area, i.e., CA (10/2019), OR (3/2021), WA (5/2021),
    messages are sent via: WEA (emergency alerts) or a ShakeAlert app
  • Note: WEA is sent out via a different protocol.
    WEA delivery had been measured in 10s of minutes but hopefully improving; app should be faster.
    WEA is a general alert sent out to a very wide area but can reach more people w/o an app install.
    The app alert will be specific to the user since it knows the location.
    Both are needed in order to deliver the most alerts they can.
  • Phone OS may provide built-in alerts and detection (accelerometer as mini-seismometer);
    Android 5+: integrated support;
    iOS: 3rd-party seismometer apps only, currently?
  • Slightly different alerting thresholds for the different alert delivery types (from Eric Ditmer):
  • Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA): M5.0+ and MMI 4+
  • apps, Android: M4.5+ and MMI 3+
  • M = Magnitude (Richter, etc.); MMI = Modified Mercalli Intensity;
    comparison: M vs. MMI
  • video: 4:38; shakealert.org; note: QuakeAlertUSA app is no longer available
  • Seconds before a 6.2 earthquake rattled California, phones got a vital warning
    ShakeAlert; Guardian; 12/21/2021
  • Entire U.S. West Coast Now Covered By
    Earthquake Early Warning System     NPR; 5/5/2021
  • Earthquake early warning now available to Oregon public
    Governor Kate Brown today proclaimed 3/11/2021 as
    ShakeAlert Day, in recognition of the activation of the
    ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System in Oregon,
    and the day that coincides with the 10th anniversary of
    the magnitude 9.1 Great Tohoku, Japan earthquake.
    Alerting is now available directly to individual wireless
    devices in Oregon
  • waves vs. posts
    Seismic Waves by XKCD is licensed under a
    Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 License

    ShakeAlert in Oregon oregon.gov/oem; 3/11/2021

  • Oregon's ShakeAlert Earthquake Warning System
    Approved for State Funding
    legislature approved $7.5 million to fund Oregon’s ShakeAlert
    system during their one-day special session; NPR; 8/11/2020
  • 5 new things your Android phone can do:
    #2. Get alerted to earthquakes around you
    Android 5.0 and above, devices with accelerometers; 8/11/2020

reederSirens

  • Sirens can be highly effective if heard and the meaning is clear,
    i.e., what is the disaster, who is affected, what to do / where to go?
  • At a minimum, sirens can provide a "wakeup call" if you or your devices are asleep.
  • Check trusted sources for further info and guidance, e.g., Citizen Alert, official web sites, Radio, etc.
  • In tornado zones, a siren means: tornado! go to your shelter now.
  • evacflood zoneIn Ashland, sirens (=~4) audible in the flood zone along
    Ashland Creek are followed by one of these messages
    about Hosler Dam (at Reeder Reservoir):
  • 1. "This is a test of the Hosler Dam warning system.
    This is only a test."
  • 2. "Hosler Dam Emergency.
    Evacuate the flood hazard zone immediately."
  • 3. "Hosler Dam is secure.
    It is safe to return to the flood hazard zone."
  • Hosler Dam Early Warning System .pdf; includes flood zone map
  • video: Ashland tests Hosler Dam flood warning sirens 0:40
  • Other creeks and tributaries can flood: Jackson County Floodplain Maps

In-person Notification

Before a Disaster

  • Public Safety Officers (police, fire) may drive along streets with sirens or loudspeakers.
  • If safe, available officials and CERT Volunteers may systematically canvass neighborhoods door-to-door.
  • If you received an official notification, e.g., Citizen Alert,
    contact nearby neighbors who are unaware, may not understand English or may need extra assistance;
    e.g., their needs shared earlier via Map Your Neighborhood (MYN)
  • CERT team members alerted MYN neighbors in Talent MYN; Mail Tribune; 11/2/2020
  • Don't rely on personal notification -- there may not have been time or personnel available.
    If you do receive one personal evacuation warning, don't expect a second visit.

After a Disaster

  • MYN neighbors may check on and help each other.
  • CERT teams may canvass neighborhoods, survey damage, triage and treat injuries, and perform light search&rescue.

hotlinePhones: Hotlines/Recordings; Texting

evacTV; Radio: AM/FM, NOAA, FRS, GMRS, MURS, Public Safety, Ham, CB

  • Ashland Emergency Radio Station: 1700 AM
  • Use your car's radio if you don't have a separate battery-operated radio.
  • Aside from EAS alerts, general TV & Radio news broadcasts
    may not be as current and accurate as other methods.
  • Blanket evacuation orders may make the disaster worse,
    e.g., traffic jams with unnecessary Level 1-2 evacuees.
  • mark trail 266
    Mark Trail Champions NOAA Weather Radio;
    www.weather.gov/nwr/

    In US, FCC oversees these frequencies:

  • UHF Ultra High Frequency: 300 megahertz (MHz) to 3 gigahertz (GHz);
    wavelengths (band): 1 meter (m) to 0.1 m;
    e.g., FRS, GMRS; Ham; broadcast TV; Wi-Fi (2.4Ghz);
    cell networks ('3G', i.e., 3rd gen.); cordless phones
  • VHF Very High Frequency: 30 to 300 MHz; 10 m to 1 m;
    e.g., NOAA; MURS; Public Safety; Ham; broadcast TV; FM
  • HF High Frequency: 3 to 30 MHz; 100 m to 10 m; e.g., CB; Ham ('shortwave')
  • MF Medium Frequency: 300 kilohertz (kHz) to 3 MHz; 1000 m to 100 m; e.g., AM
  • other frequency ranges: Electromagnetic spectrum
  • transmission range (distance) depends on many factors:
    more range with lower frequency, higher output power, longer antenna,
    proper radio positioning, fewer line-of-sight obstructions
  • NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards receive-only; no license required; VHF;
    inexpensive; for home and/or go-bag; periodically test, recharge battery;
    some models recharge via handcrank, USB and/or tiny solar;
    noaamay have AM/FM stations, flashlight; Wikipedia: NOAA
    NOAA stations also avail via Broadcastify
  • Some walkie-talkies (FRS) include NOAA channels -- check your user manual
  • 7 channels should be standard, numbered 1-7, usually named "WX1-WX7"
  • NOAA channel; VHF freq. (MHz):
    1. WX2: 162.400 (Medford); 2. WX4: 162.425; 3. WX5: 162.450;
    4. WX3: 162.475 (Mt. Ashland); 5. WX6: 162.500; 6. WX7: 162.525; 7. WX1: 162.550
    additional: 161.650; 161.750; 161.775; 162.000; 163.275
  • Family Service Radios (FRS) aka "walkie talkies": local, two-way messaging and coordination; UHF;
    frslow output power: 0.5-2w (short-range); no license required; limited channels; inexpensive; congested?
    Wikipedia: FRS; some include NOAA channels -- how to recharge during power outage?
  • FRS channel (output power); UHF freq. (MHz):
    1-7 (2w): 462.5625; 462.5875; 462.6125; 462.6375; 462.6625; 462.6875; 462.7125
    8-14 (0.5w): 467.5625; 467.5875; 467.6125; 467.6375; 467.6625; 467.6875; 467.7125
    15-22 (2w): 462.550; 462.575; 462.600; 462.625; 462.650; 462.675; 462.700; 462.725
  • General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS): frequency overlap* with FRS; UHF;
    higher output power -- up to 50w on some frequencies; requires license; Wikipedia: GMRS
  • GMRS channel (output power); UHF freq. (MHz):
    1-7 (5w), 8-14 (0.5w), 15-22 (50w) -- *same FRS frequencies;
    additional (50w): 467.550; 467.575; 467.600; 467.625; 467.650; 467.675; 467.700; 467.725
  • Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS): low power like FRS; no license required; Wikipedia: MURS; VHF
  • MURS channel (output power); VHF freq. (MHz):
    1-5 (2w): 151.82; 151.88; 151.94; 154.57; 154.60
  • Citizens Band (CB): no license required; longer range; HF
  • Public Safety (PS): police and fire dispatcher traffic; VHF; anyone can listen, e.g., channel scanner;
    non-radio access: Broadcastify: Jackson County or apps: Broadcastify, Pulsepoint;
    very immediate and unfiltered local operational details -- not a source of advice or context.
    hamCERT teams may be authorized to transmit on selected channels for official missions and training.
  • Amateur Radio Service aka "Ham"; VHF, UHF, HF; anyone can listen*; live, unfiltered info;
    *two-way requires Ham license ('Technician': VHF,UHF; 'General': HF; Morse code no longer tested);
    typical form factors, output power: handheld (like FRS; 5w), mobile (vehicle; 25-65w), base station (50-100w)    ;
    Jackson Co. (JC) Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES); Wikipedia: Ham; Steve: Ham

JC FBOfficial Websites; Social Media

ppApps

  • Many apps can provide emergency & disaster-related information; most iOS and Android.
    Communication features assume cell service or internet/local networking available.
  • PulsePoint notifications provide an early heads-up to local threats
    such as wildland fires, floods and utility emergencies;
    it can also alert users trained in CPR & AED (Automated External Defibrillation)
    for nearby emergencies; feeds via Broadcastify (which also has apps);
    separate PulsePoint AED app shows nearest AED units on map
  • Everbridge Mobile App links to your Citizen Alert subscription.
    "See Something -- Say Something: Be the eyes and ears of your community
    and share geo-location information, pictures free-form text as a situation develops.
    Receive a push alerts from authorized public safety agencies for high-priority messages
    sent while in a geo-fenced area. View safety alerts on a map and filter alerts based
    on time, priority and source. Designed to reliably work under adverse network conditions,
    for example, when bandwidth or connectivity is limited"
  • ShakeAlert-enabled apps (CA, OR): MyShake
  • femaready.gov: FEMA app
  • Receive real-time alerts from the National Weather Service
    for up to 5 locations nationwide.
  • Share real-time notifications with family via text, email, social media
  • Learn emergency safety tips for over 20 types of disasters,
    including fires, flooding, hurricanes, snowstorms, tornadoes,
    volcanoes and more.
  • Locate open emergency shelters and disaster recovery centers
    in your area where you can talk to a FEMA representative in person.
  • Prepare for diasters with a customizable emergency kit checklist,
    emergency family plan, and reminders.
  • Connect with FEMA to register for disaster assistance online.
  • Toggle between English and Spanish.
  • Some FEMA text-only options (w/o app):
  • Locate an open emergency shelter in your area. Text: SHELTER and Zip Code to 43362
  • Locate an open Disaster Recovery Center in your area. Text: DRC and Zip Code to 43362
  • Preparedness Tips. Text: PREPARE to 43362
  • redcrossredcross.org Mobile Apps:
  • First Aid: Get instant access to information on handling the most common first aid emergencies
  • Emergency: All-inclusive app monitors more than 35 different severe weather and emergency alerts
  • Earthquake: Receive notification when an earthquake occurs, find help and
    let others know you’re safe even if the power is out
  • Flood: Learn and prepare your family and friends for flooding, evacuation and a safe return home
  • also: Hurricane, Tornado, Pet First Aid and other apps; and options to receive info via text messages
  • zelloZello Push-to-Talk (PTT) Mobile App
    "walkie talkie" over cellular or WiFi
    (similar to Apple Watch)
  • 7 Emergency Preparedness Apps to Keep on Your Phone
    FEMA; Harbor; First Aid, Hurricane: American Red Cross;
    MyShake; Zello; EPA Smoke Sense; Wired; 4/5/2021

Disaster Preparedness: 2. Evacuation Process: Ready, Set, Go

Disaster Preparedness: 2. Evacuation Process: Ready, Set, Go

Introduction | Level 1: Be Ready |
Level 2: Be Set | Level 3: Go!

ready set golevelsThe 3 Levels of Evacuation

level1Level 1: Be Ready to Evacuate

  • A LEVEL 1 evacuation means “BE READY” for potential evacuation.
  • Residents should be aware of the danger that exists in their area,
    monitor emergency services websites and local media outlets for information.
  • This is the time for preparation and precautionary movement of persons
    with special needs, mobile property and (under certain circumstances) pets and livestock.
  • For wildfire, be Firewise by reducing your home's ignition potential.
  • Assemble emergency supplies and belongings in a safe place.
  • Create an Evacuation Plan with escape routes and
    make sure all those residing within the home know the plan of action.
    Emergency fire escape ladder (kept under bed) is a good idea for upstairs bedrooms.
  • Taking the correct route during an evacuation is critical for your safety.
  • redflagA Red Flag Warning suggests that Level 2 could be imminent
    -- warm temperatures, very low humidities, and stronger winds are
    expected to combine to produce an increased risk of fire danger.
  • Tune into information about where to go during an evacuation, e.g.,
    Nixle Citizen Alert System: ashland.or.us/nixle
    Ashland Emergency Broadcast Station: 1700 AM
    Wildfire Information Hotline: 541-552-2490
    City of Ashland Website: ashland.or.us
    Jackson County Emergency Management: rvem.org
    full list: 1. Be Informed
  • If conditions worsen, emergency services personnel may contact you
    via an emergency notification system.
  • ALL RESIDENTS SHOULD BE AT THIS LEVEL OF READINESS AT ALL TIMES!

level2Level 2: Be Set to Evacuate

  • A LEVEL 2 evacuation means “BE SET” to evacuate. Situational Awareness.
  • This level indicates there is significant danger to your area, and residents
    should either voluntarily relocate to a shelter or with family/friends
    outside of the affected area, or if choosing to remain, to be ready
    to evacuate at a moment’s notice.
  • Check road closures: ODOT: tripcheck.com; plan evacuation route.
  • If you do decide to stay, pack your emergency items and be ready to leave at a moment’s notice.
  • Other advice from CalFire, USFS, e.g., move propane; move flammable materials; etc.
    prop open flammable fence gates;
    if turning off gas, wait until Level 3 -- since restoring gas service might take days/weeks??
  • THIS MAY BE THE ONLY NOTICE THAT YOU RECEIVE.
  • Emergency services cannot guarantee that they will be able to notify you if
    conditions rapidly deteriorate. Area media services will be asked to broadcast periodic updates.

level3Level 3: Go! — EVACUATE now

  • A LEVEL 3 evacuation means that you need to LEAVE IMMEDIATELY!
  • Danger to your area is current or imminent, and you should evacuate immediately.
  • Follow your personal evacuation plan.
  • Leave electricity on -- unless emergency responders ask you to turn off.
  • Leave lights on -- enables responders to see that no one is inside.
  • Close windows and doors -- protects your home by reducing oxygen for fire.
  • Leave a note that you've left and where you've gone
    -- first responders/neighbors can save time checking, and later inform others who inquire about you.
  • If you choose to ignore this advisement, you must understand that emergency services
    may not be available to assist you further.
  • DO NOT DELAY leaving to gather any belongings or make efforts to protect your home.
  • Be aware of hazards. Take direction from authorities.
  • Access to evacuated areas may be denied until conditions are safe for citizens to return.
  • DO NOT plan to return to check on your house or animals. If it’s not safe for them, it’s not safe for you!

Disaster Preparedness: 3. Evacuation Planning

Disaster Preparedness: 3. Evacuation Planning

Plan, Prepare and Practice |
Take Direction from Authorities

fema supp
"Supplemental Emergency Kit" by Thomas Cizauskas
is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Plan, Prepare and Practice

evacevacTake Direction from Authorities

  • Know your Zone. Plan several possible evacuation routes.
  • Ashland: ashland.or.us/evacuate:
    Know Your Zone; Know Your Alerts; Get Ready; Evac. Time Study
  • Jackson County: Evacuation Zones: Ashland, Medford, Central Point, Talent
  • When you are asked to leave your home, Go!
  • flood zoneAlways have your disaster supply kit stocked and ready for use.
  • Implement your plan just as you’ve practiced
    in the past during non-disaster situations.
  • Stay calm.
  • Situational awareness:
    be aware of your surroundings such as
    downed power lines, fallen objects,
    pedestrians and traffic, and
    spills or other potential hazards.
  • almedaJackson County: Live Evac Map -- with links (now inactive) for:
    Missing Persons Form and Evacuation Check In
  • Almeda, Obenchain Maps .pdf: 9/2020; e.g., on right
  • City of Ashland: Emergency Operations Plan 7/31/2018

Disaster Preparedness: 4. Family Disaster Planning

Disaster Preparedness: 4. Family Disaster Planning

Introduction | Fire, Flood or Other Disaster | Plan |
Shelter-in-place | Evacuate

Communication Is The Most Critical Aspect Of Disaster Planning.
Assign Each Family Member A Role.
Consider All Situations Which May Impact You.
Practice Your Plan.

Introduction

  • "Forewarned, forearmed; to be prepared is half the victory" ~Miguel de Cervantes
  • "The best laid schemes o' mice an' men / Gang aft a-gley, [often go awry]"
    ~Robert Burns, "To a Mouse"
  • "Anything that can go wrong will go wrong" ~Murphy's law
  • "Mother Nature may be forgiving this year, or next year,
    but eventually she's going to come around and whack you.
    You've got to be prepared."     ~Geraldo Rivera
  • video: Importance of a Disaster Plan CERT; 3:28

fireFire, Flood or Other Disaster

Plan

Shelter-in-place

  • In some disasters staying put is safest depending on the situation.
    You may need to stay put for extended periods of time.
  • e.g., Cascadia earthquake could damage roads & bridges and prevent evacuation
    -- section: #5. 2 Weeks Ready
  • You may be without essential services during these times.
  • You may be able to rely on neighbors for support if you've met in advance
    -- section: #10. Get Involved: Map Your Neighborhood
  • Know how to seal off a room, if required, and have the proper materials on hand,
    e.g., for smoke, cold
  • Shelter-in-Place Advice
    disaster: Active Shooter, Chemical Hazard, Earthquake; Flooding/Flash Flooding;
    Hurricane (High Wind, Flooding and Storm Surge); Nuclear/Radiological Event;
    Pandemic; Thunderstorm; Tornado; Winter Storm;
    structure: Manufactured or Mobile Home; 1- or 2-Story Building (w/ attic and/or basement); Multistory Building;
    FEMA; 13pp; .pdf; 5/25/2021
  • ready.gov; Jackson County
  • The Best Wildfire Preparedness Supplies and Strategies
    Wirecutter-tested essentials to have on hand in case of emergency; Air purifier;
    Water container; Respirator; USB battery pack; Emergency radio; First aid;
    Headlamp; Extra batteries; Fireproof document safe; Gas can; NYT; 6/14/2021

evacevacEvacuation

Disaster Preparedness: 5. 2 Weeks Ready

Disaster Preparedness: 5. 2 Weeks Ready

Disaster Supply Kit | References

"I'm sorry to say so
but sadly, it's true
that bang-ups
and hang-ups
can happen to you."
~ Dr Seuss

Everyone Needs To Be Prepared To Survive
For 2 Weeks On Their Own Following A Disaster.
Include The Needs Of All Household Members.

meds$$Build a disaster supply kit

  • Remember: you may need to shelter-in-place after some disasters
    with limited (or no) access to utilities, stores and services,
    e.g., wildfire, flood, several winter storms, earthquakes, ...;
    after Cascadia earthquake, outside help may be 2-3 weeks away
  • petcablesDisaster Kits should contain items needed
    for basic survival such as water, food, and first aid essentials.
  • For any items with batteries, periodically recharge or replace.
  • paperskitStore in large, sturdy container or smaller portable ones
    -- generally, in dry, cool, dark (if possible) areas,
    likely to be accessible after an earthquake, e.g.,
    garage (w/ concrete floor); outdoor shed;
    closets-- could you pry open jammed doors?
    in tsunami zone, nearby rental storage unit uphill from you?

    clothesnoaa
  • 2-Week supply of non-perishable food
    (dried fruit, canned tuna fish, peanut butter, etc.)
  • Can opener
  • Paper plates, plastic cups and utensils, paper towels
  • Moist towelettes, garbage bags
    and plastic ties for personal sanitation
  • Water -- at least a gallon per person,
    per day for drinking and hygiene
    Purification (Flood: Sanitation)
  • First aid kit; Terri's List
  • Prescription medication and glasses
  • Sleeping bag or warm blanket for everyone in your family
  • Change of clothes to last for at least 3 days,
    including sturdy shoes; consider the weather where you live
  • Matches in a waterproof container
  • Toothbrush, toothpaste, soap and other personal items
  • Feminine hygiene supplies
  • Fire extinguisher
  • Wrench or pliers to turn off utilities
    -- non-sparking (i.e., non-ferrous) for gas
  • Other suggestions: headlamps;
    cable to charge devices from car battery / cigarette lighter;
    ...
  • Household chlorine bleach (unscented)
  • Dust mask (N95), and plastic sheeting and duct tape,
    to help filter contaminated air
  • Battery-powered or hand-cranked NOAA radio
    and extra batteries -- several: 1 for home, 1 to go?
    some walkie-talkies (FRS) may include NOAA channels;
    Be Informed: NOAA, FRS
  • Cell phone with charger, external battery pack or solar charger
  • Whistle to signal for help
  • Local maps
  • Cash in small bills (ATMs may be empty or not work)
  • Emergency reference material such as first aid book
    or information from ready.gov
  • Important family documents such as copies of ID,
    insurance policies, and bank records
    in a waterproof, portable container
  • Infant formula and diapers
  • Paper and pencil
  • Books, games or puzzles
  • Pet food, other supplies, and extra water for your pet
  • Share resources among neighbors (i.e., MYN),
    e.g., larger first aid kits; tools;
    campstoves / outdoor grills;
    generator & fuel (safely stored);
    share woodstove / fireplace (if no heat);
    ...

2WRReferences

Other Useful Kits: Go, Car, Under-the-Bed, Financial

Disaster Preparedness: 6. Prepare for Wildfire

Disaster Preparedness: 6. Prepare for Wildfire

Before the Fire | References: General, Almeda

Ashland Residents Are Highly Encouraged To Create Defensible Space
To Reduce The Risk Of Wildfire Around Their Homes And Neighborhoods.

preparefirewiseBefore the Fire Checklist

  • Planning & Evacuation topics covered in earlier sections:
    #2. Evacuation Process: Ready, Set, Go;
    #3. Evacuation Planning;
    #4. Family Disaster Planning
  • medfordoregon.gov/beprepared; ashland.or.us/evacuate
  • video: Wildfire Ember Highlights 4:17
  • video: Disaster Preparedness Training -- Wildfire 1:36
  • firewise-5763 Zones of Concern near your home
  • Immediate: 0-5': structure itself, attachments, landscaping
    structure: rated roof materials; ≤1/8" wire mesh over vents/soffits;
    non-flammable siding;
    attachments: ignition-resistant deck/porch; enclosed decks;
    non-wood fence attachment
    landscape: no flammable plants; no bark mulch;
    no stacked firewood or other material
  • Keep roof and gutters free of all leaves, needles, and debris throughout fire season
  • Check that all vents in foundation and eaves are screened with 1/8 inch
    or finer metal mesh screening and baffled vents to prevent ember intrusion
  • Maintain three to five foot buffer area around foundation with
    no combustible plants or material in contact with siding
    (NO BARK MULCH) and clean up all leaf and needle debris
  • Ensure area under deck is clean of combustible debris and
    no combustibles (firewood, lumber, fuel) are stored underneath
  • Screen off or enclose open areas under decks and overhangs
    with 1/8 inch metal mesh screening to prevent ember intrusion
  • Intermediate: 5'-30': reduce fire intensity, contact, paths
    -- remove bark mulch and flammable vegetation;
    replace flammable privacy screening/fencing
  • Use only Firewise plants within 30 feet of your home; fireadaptedashland.org/firewiseplants
  • Keep tree limbs pruned at least 10' from house, and 10' from chimney
    -- if conflicts with Ashland Tree Commission, contact ashlandfirewise.org
  • Limb up lower branches 5-6 feet on trees within 30 feet of your home
  • Extended: 30'-100': extended landscaping
    -- reduce surface fuel, canopy density, ladder fuels
  • Store firewood 30 feet away or in an ember proof storage shed
  • Keep dry grass and weeds mowed to four inches or less throughout fire season: ashland.or.us/weedabatement
  • Driveway accessible, with home address clearly posted and visible from the street

sched calReferences / Resources

Almeda

Disaster Preparedness: 7. When Smoke is in the Air

Disaster Preparedness: 7. When Smoke is in the Air

Air Quality Index (AQI) | Who's Most at Risk? |
How Do I Protect Myself? | Watch for Symptoms

Wildfires Spread Rapidly And Can Quickly Change Air Quality.
You Need To Be Ready To Cope With Smoke.

AQIAir Quality Index (AQI); Smoke

sensitiveWho's Most at Risk?

  • Children, older adults, pregnant or nursing mothers, and those
    with pre-existing respiratory ailments should take preventative actions
    when the AQI level or symptoms dictate.
  • smokewiseashland.org

How Do I Protect Myself?

  • Limit your exposure to smoke. Close windows and doors.
  • Follow recommended AQI guidelines for outdoor activities.
  • Avoid anything that increases indoor pollution
    like candles or vacuuming.
  • Run an air conditioner or air cleaner with HEPA
    or MERV 13 or higher rated filter.
  • Install air purification system, e.g.,
    Whole Home LED In-Duct Air Purifier
  • protectFine particles can be filtered with an N95
    or N100 face mask. Ensure a tight fit!
  • Follow the advice of your doctor or
    healthcare provider. Call if symptoms worsen.
  • Consider leaving the area if you are sensitive
    and smoke is an ongoing problem.
  • The Best Air Purifier NYT; 1/26/2022
  • The City of Ashland’s Air Purifier Pilot Program
    $85,000 grant from OR DEQ to give away 500 HEPA air
    purifiers to most smoke-vulnerable residents; 9/17/2020

symptomsWatch for Symptoms

  • Smoke can make respiratory disease symptoms worse
    and trigger asthma attacks.
  • Even otherwise healthy people can experience coughing,
    shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness.
  • Contact a healthcare provider for further advice
    or call 911 in an emergency.

Disaster Preparedness: 8. Earthquake

Disaster Preparedness: 8. Earthquake

Before the Earthquake: Understand the Risk; Get Prepared |
During an Earthquake |
After the Earthquake: Turning Off Your Utilities? |
References: General | Tsunamis

hazard mapBefore the Earthquake

Understand the Risk

  • Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ): megathrust fault
  • 70-100 mi. offshore between Cape Mendocino (CA) & Vancouver Island (BC)
  • expect 8-9+M* event, lasting 3-5 minutes
  • involving a section or entire 1130 km (700 mi) fault length
  • occuring every 250-350 years, on average
  • causing: tsunamis; landslides; damage to homes, infrastructure,...
  • For some perspective, CSZ estimates compared to the Loma Prieta quake (10/17/1989, near Santa Cruz CA):
    Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) magnitude: M8-M9 -- 10x - 100x stronger than Loma Prieta (M6.9)
    CSZ duration: 3-5 minutes -- 12x - 20x longer than Loma Prieta (15 seconds)
  • *M = Magnitude (Richter, etc.); MMI = Modified Mercalli Intensity;
    both are logarithmic; comparison: M vs. MMI
  • map 461Scientists began piecing together evidence for CSZ in the mid-1980s
  • Last occurrence: Jan. 26, 1700, ~9pm; ~M9; entire length
  • Japan: 'orphan' tsunami recorded -- precise date
  • Cowichan (BC): shaking so violent that they could not stand,
    so prolonged that it made them sick; collapsed houses;
    landslides; tsunami survivors lived 75+ feet above waterline
  • Hoh (WA): Thunderbird & Whale fight uprooted trees, shook mountains
  • Tillamook (OR): changed what they hunted, what they ate,
    how their houses were built, where they lived
  • Yurok (CA): jumping dance did not prevent tsunami -- ritual implies previous events
  • Geological record: 'ghost' forests, tree rings; sea slides / salt marshes
    -- past quake frequency, intensity
  • In 2010, OSU geologists predicted:
  • a 37% chance of a CSZ M8.2+ event within 50 years, and
  • a 10-15% chance that the entire Cascadia Subduction Zone
    will rupture with an M9+ event within the same time frame.
  • damageshakingA Cascadia event occurs every 250-350 years on average.
  • It's now been 320+ years since 1700,
    with many more people and structures.
  • We're "due" -- with greater likelihood than 2010
    estimates, and much more devastation than 1700.
    [on right: shaking intensity; damage potential]
  • Besides CSZ, other regional earthquake faults:
    e.g., 1993 Klamath Falls earthquakes M6
  • The Really Big One New Yorker; 7/13/2015;
    "'The Really Big One' is a story about [an earthquake and] a tsunami, that is destined
    to hit the Pacific Northwest, and we don’t know when. The tools of journalism employed
    there are just absolutely, absolutely incredible.... It is one of the greatest pieces of writing
    I’ve ever read." ~Ta-Nehisi Coates (in Ezra Klein interview; NYT)
  • video: Toast, tsunamis and the really big one; 14:13
    Chris Goldfinger, OSU; history of Cascadia; infrastructure damage; TEDx; 7/5/2016
  • video: iris.edu: Pacific Northwest Earthquakes: 3 Types;
    8:05 Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS); 7/19/2015
  • video: Cascadia 21:09;
    James Roddy, DOGAMI: Oregon Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries; 12/1/2011

Get Prepared

  • video: Disaster Preparedness Training -- Earthquakes 1:40; CERT
  • Be sure your phone can receive Wireless Emergency Alerts;
    optional: install a ShakeAlert app for additional info, e.g., MyShake
  • Building survival depends on various factors: type & length of quake;
    construction type (wood vs. masonry); anchored to foundation?
    density of soil (rock vs. fill); construction / retrofitting publications,
    e.g., FEMA: Earthquake Building Science
  • video: Earthquakes and Unreinforced Masonry (URM) Buildings
    Portland Bureau of Emer. Mgmt.; 2016
  • picturebookcaseCheck with insurance agent about earthquake coverage.
  • Securely anchor gas appliances, water heaters, heavy furniture and
    light fixtures, wall décor, and fragile shelving contents (breakables);
    install cabinet latches?
  • valuablesfastenLocate utility shut-off valves and know how to turn them off.
  • Know where your fire extinguishers are, and check their status.
  • If living at or visiting the OR coast, know about evacuation
    routes: OR Tsunami Evacuation Maps
  • Bigger quakes may affect larger area, cause landslides, damage bridges -- especially at coast;
    we may be isolated in our neighborhoods for 2 weeks, probably longer, until outside help can arrive.
  • Store a #5. 2 Weeks Ready: Disaster Supply Kit (in a secure location)
    and have a #3. Family Communication Plan.
  • kitOrganize or attend a Map Your Neighborhood (MYN) meeting;
    neighbors can learn how to support each other more effectively.
  • Prepare an Under-the-Bed Kit [example on right]
    to safeguard against the most common injuries to head, hands, and feet --
    there will be broken glass; power may be out; it may be dark.
  • Include a hard hat, leather gloves, and socks & close-toed shoes,
    eyewear (reading and/or safety), flashlight w/ batteries, whistle,
    non-ferrous wrench (pictured: 4-in-1 tool for gas, water, dig, pry),
    MYN booklet, NOAA radio, tote bag, pet leash, ...;
    for additional people, add items or separate kits.

During an Earthquake

  • Pay attention to any early warnings: did you feel initial P-wave?
  • Receive notification? shakealert.org; video: 4:38;
    iris.edu: ShakeAlert; Be Informed: ShakeAlert
  • Put on your hard hat if under-the-bed kit is handy.
  • DROP! COVER! & HOLD ON!
  • tabledropIt may be difficult/unsafe to stand or run.
  • If you are inside, do not go outside.
    Interior door frames may collapse.
    Shelter under a sturdy table or desk, or near a wall
    away from glass and objects that can fall on you.
  • If you're in an unreinforced masonry building,
    e.g., Ashland City Hall, old school, etc., and you have enough warning time
    to exit safely, an open area (field, park) may be preferable.
  • If on unstable bridge, e.g., Medford viaduct, get off quickly or ...
  • If you are outside, check your surroundings
    -- stay away from obvious hazards such as older buildings, bridges and electrical wires, trees, etc.
  • If in a car, pull over to an area away from buildings, bridges, trees and powerlines.

oxygen fuel heatAfter the Earthquake: Proceed with Caution

  • Protect your head, hands, feet from broken glass, falling objects, etc.
    (under-the-bed kit).
  • Be aware of aftershocks. Assess your situation.
  • After shaking stops, if in a tsunami zone, e.g., on OR coast, go to higher ground:
    evacuate (probably on foot) within 15+ minutes to 100'+ above sea level.
  • Determine if your environment is safe to stay in.
    Turn off utilities if necessary.
  • typesUse your fire extinguisher on any small fires, e.g., typical household size for wastebasket-scale fires.
  • Types of fires & extinguishers: "ABC" for typical household use
  • Some fire extinguishers are rechargeable
    -- check label for recommended maintenance / replacement
  • video: 2:01; PASS: Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze handle, Sweep nozzle at base of fire
  • How to Know When It's Time to Buy a New Fire Extinguisher
    5-15 years? check pressure gauge; LH; 2/21/2021
  • Locate your MYN booklet (from your under-the-bed kit),
    along with updated neighborhood contact & resource summaries.
  • mynCalmly start to follow the 9 MYN Steps to coordinate with your neighbors.
  • Gather Critical Information. Tune to 1700 AM or NOAA stations
    -- see section 1. Alerts & Communication
  • Listen to directions from officials including emergency responders.
  • Be grateful that you had prepared to shelter-in-place
    -- section 4. Family Disaster Planning
    and have adequate supplies for several weeks -- section: 5. 2 Weeks Ready

elecgasTurning Off Your Utilities?

  • Only do so if leak or breakage is suspected
    as it may take weeks to months
    for utility providers to restore services.
  • Gas: Do you smell, hear or see a leak?
    Using a non-sparking, non-ferrous wrench
    (not iron or steel), turn the valve perpendicular to pipe flow.
  • Install a "California Valve" -- an earthquake-sensitive gas automatic shut-off valve?
  • Water: Turn valve to closed position on the home side. Valve is similar to gas valve.
    Besides controlling leaks, it could preserve clean water for later use.
  • power offCircuit Breakers: Turn off each individually before
    turning the main off, to minimize risk of electric shock;
    reverse process for turning back on.
  • videos: Turn Off Electricity; Shut off Gas
  • How to Stay Warm When the Power Is Out LH; 2/16/2021

References

Tsunamis

Disaster Preparedness: 9. Flood

Disaster Preparedness: 9. Flood

The Basics | Sanitation | Landslides | Refs

evacflood zoneThe Basics

purifySanitation

landslideLandslides

References

  • Ashland Emergency Preparedness
    Evacuation Zone; Evacuation Levels; Get Ready; Wildfire Info; Fire Adapted Ashland;
    Chamber of Commerce Preparedness Toolkit; Smokewise Ashland; Nat. Weather Service
  • Jackson County Emergency Management
    Citizen Alert; Wildfire & Smoke; Get Ready Rogue; Jackson County Plans;
    News & Information; Resources; Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan
  • Rogue Valley Emergency Management (RVEM): Jackson & Josephine Counties
    Citizen Alert; Incident Info; Get Ready Rogue: Know Your Hazards; Preparedness Fundamentals;
    Special Considerations; Kit Types; Resources; Preparedness Calendar; Prep U

Disaster Preparedness: 10. Get Involved

Disaster Preparedness: 10. Get Involved

Map Your Neighborhood (MYN) |
Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) |
Wildfire Risk Assessment Program (WRAP) |
Other Training and Volunteer Opportunities

MYNMap Your Neighborhood (MYN)

  • Before a disaster: a neighorhood group of ~18-24 households meets with a MYN Facilitator
    to learn about preparedness and 9 response steps,
    and to share information with each other -- contacts, needs, skills, resources
  • After a disaster: neighbors follow 9 response steps and assist each other.
  • The MYN program continues to provide community outreach through the nine steps to preparedness.
    Community members have the opportunity to partake in the free program
    adopted and administered locally through the CERT program.
  • MYN encompasses small neighborhood disaster planning and response, incorporating the
    individual neighbors' skills and expertise and equipment inventory into planning for a catastrophic event.
  • The MYN program promotes readiness and action among neighbors through the response planning process.
    Neighbors taking advantage of the planning program identify individual needs of families with
    small children, pets, elderly, and infirm to formulate plans regarding appropriate actions
    as necessary to respond to these neighbors in a disaster.
  • bookletAshland/Talent: to learn more or sign up: ashland.or.us/myn
  • For other areas, check with your Fire Department.
  • Brochure; Overview of Program (slides)
  • Workbook .pdf (ignore non-CERT contact info)
  • 9 Steps (slides): All Hazards; Wildland Fire
  • MYN Crossword [below right]
  • CERT team members alerted MYN neighbors in Talent Mail Tribune; 11/2/2020

xwdOverview of a MYN Meeting and the 9-Step Process

  • A Neighborhood Coordinator -- HOA leader or any motivated resident,
    gauges interest of neighbors in attending a MYN meeting, and suggests possible dates.
  • Coordinator contacts CERT: ashland.or.us/myn
  • CERT helps define boundaries of "the neighborhood", usually ~18-24 households,
    and finds a MYN Facilitator available on one or more of the proposed dates,
    who then finalizes a date and location with the Neighborhood Coord.
  • Larger HOAs could meet initially in a large group,
    then break into smaller neighborhood subgroups.
  • The MYN meeting is normally hosted at a neighbor's home;
    however, it could occur outdoors (patio, park) in good weather -- or on Zoom.
    A positive side-effect: get to know more of your neighbors! snacks or potluck optional
  • The Neighbor Coordinator and/or MYN Facilitator distribute
    meeting invitations to households before the meeting, and request RSVPs.
  • Did enough households RSVP 'Yes' to the Coordinator?
    if not, go back to select a different date.
  • Neighbors meet together with MYN Facilitator
    for 1-2 hours to learn about preparedness and response steps,
    and share information -- contacts, needs, skills, resources
  • Although each household's info can be exchanged
    during the meeting, e.g., writing directly into booklets,
    sharing info digitally before or after the meeting
    is less time-consuming, more legible and makes updating easier
    with new residents or when a household's situation changes.
  • Types of information to be collected via Household Intake Form: .docx, .pdf:
  • Neighborhood Map ("Where's what?"): houses, with utility shutoff locations;
    Gathering & Care Centers identified & labeled
  • Household Contacts & Needs ("Who lives here?"): address, residents, phones, emails;
    identify any children, seniors, special needs, pets
  • Household Skills & Knowledge ("Who can do what? Who knows what?"): e.g.,
    First Aid; Child Care; Elder Care; Crisis Counseling; Languages; Coordinating and Organizational;
    Plumber; Carpenter; Electrician; Search & Rescue; HAM Operator; Fire Fighting; Military
  • Household Equipment & Supplies ("Who has what?"): e.g.,
    First Aid Kit (Terri's list); Tents / Spare Bedding; Chainsaw; Generator; Fire Extinguisher; Camp Stove;
    NOAA Radio; Walkie-Talkie; Ladder; Crow Bar; Strong Rope; Lighting
  • A neighborhood scribe can collate the collected information into Neighborhood Summaries:
    (customizing these templates as needed)
  • Household Info Template: .xlsx, .pdf
  • Skills & Knowledge Template: .xlsx, .pdf
  • Equipment & Supplies Template: .xlsx, .pdf
  • Distribute summaries to each household to print and insert
    into the MYN booklet -- stashed in under-the-bed kit
  • The information and processes could help in many disasters,
    e.g., knowing who might need to be informed for a wildfire evacuation;
    checking on and helping each other after a flood or major winter storm,
    and especially the upcoming Cascadia earthquake.
  • Outline of the 9 steps (more details: Workbook) that neighbors would follow
    in the critical ("golden") hour after a disaster:
  1. Take care of your loved ones
  2. Dress for safety -- use your under-the-bed kit: eyewear, gloves, shoes,
    hardhat, flashlight, MYN booklet, etc.
  3. Check the natural gas or propane at your home -- shut off if necessary
  4. Shut off water at the house main -- to trap clean water in your home's pipes
  5. Place the Help or OK sign on your front door or window
  6. Put your fire extinguisher on the sidewalk -- to share with neighbors
    (MYN facilitator demos fire extinguisher: videos: 2:01; 5:12;
    PASS: Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze handle, Sweep nozzle at base of fire)
  7. Go to the "Neighborhood Gathering Site" (on Neighborhood Map) -- to organize and share info
  8. Form Teams at the Neighborhood Gathering Site (walkie-talkies are useful):

    Team 1 will listen to the Emergency Alert System (AM/FM radio), or to a NOAA Weather Radio
    and keep neighbors informed of what they learn. section Be Informed: NOAA

    Team 2 will check on neighbors who are elderly, those disabled, or homes where children may be alone
    -- perhaps help them relocate to the "Neighborhood Care Center" (on Neighborhood Map).

    Team 3 will check all natural gas meters and propane tanks (identified on Neighborhood Map),
    and shut off the gas as necessary

    Team 4 will check on all homes with the “Help” card displayed (Step #5), or with no card showing.
    Be prepared to give first aid. Trust your instincts. If something feels unsafe, stay out
  9. After your Team has completed its work, go back to the Neighborhood Gathering Site.
    Share what you have learned / done with the rest of your neighbors. Plan what to do next.

benthamCommunity Emergency Response Team (CERT)

  • 1. When a disaster occurs, a CERT member’s first responsibility is to:
    A. Join the CERT in disaster response efforts
    B. Help professional responders
    C. Ensure personal and family safety
    D. Do the greatest good for the greatest number of people

    [CERT Basic Training Final Exam: Unit 1: Disaster Preparedness: Question 1]
  • "Logic clearly dictates that the needs of the many
    outweigh the needs of the few." ~Mr. Spock, The Wrath of Khan, 1982
  • victimThe CERT training educates individuals about
    disaster preparedness for hazards that may impact their area and
    trains them in basic disaster response skills, such as team organization,
    fire safety, light search and rescue, and disaster medical operations.
  • Using training learned in the classroom and during exercises,
    CERT trainees understand how to effectively help their families, neighbors,
    and entire community following an incident where response personnel
    are overwhelmed, or otherwise not immediately available.
  • They receive knowledge and practical skills that allow them
    to effectively help others -- "the greatest good to the greatest number" --
    without harming themselves or further injuring others,
    i.e, acting within their training and ability.
  • clinicCERT's competency is preparing our community to endure disasters.
  • CERT is a nationwide program: ready.gov/cert
  • Ashland's CERT program was started in 1999 (after the 1/1/1997 flood)
    and has trained over 910 volunteers to be better prepared
    to survive and assist others after a disaster.
  • CERT has been mobilized for various mission activities:
    evacuating residents during wildfires, assessing damage, staffing call centers,
    parade support, radio communications, managing emergency shelters,
    medical triage, treating injuries, turning off utilities if necessary,
    assisting Jackson County Search & Rescue (SAR),
    and supporting vaccination clinics [above right: 3/10/2021]
  • xwdAshland CERT has 125+ active members currently, grouped into 6 "bases":
    Briscoe, Grove, Lincoln, Oak Knoll, Terra -- plus Talent,
    which could serve as distributed command posts for disaster response.
  • It is the only program in the Rogue Valley still supported -- but only partially.
    Ashland trainings are open to the local public, and to unaffiliated CERT members,
    e.g., Medford, Central Point, Jacksonville, Illinois Valley.
  • ashland.or.us/basic CERT Basic Training overview
  • Training has been previously offered twice each year, Spring and Fall, over four evenings and two Saturdays.
  • However, due to Covid, some portions were offered via Zoom, with in-person training deferred until it's safer.
  • ashlandcert.org
  • CERT Crossword [on right]

Paul and SteveOverview of CERT Basic Training and Volunteering

  • Ashland CERT's training follows the FEMA curriculum:
    ready.gov/cert: CERT Participant Manual .pdf, 8/2019
  • An online Hybrid CERT course (from Univ. of Utah; videos: all) covers these topics:
  • videos: Unit 1. Disaster Preparedness
    What is CERT? Evacuation The 10 Minute Challenge; Importance of a Disaster Plan;
    Connecting Community Organizations During Disaster; High Rise Evacuation;
    On Preparedness; Preparing Makes Sense; CERT in Action
  • Unit 2. CERT Organization and Incident Command System (ICS) -- TBA
  • videos: Unit 3. Disaster Medical Operations, Part 1
    Arterial Bleeding; Venous Bleeding; Capillary Bleeding; How to Use a Tourniquet;
    How You Stop Bleeding;How to put someone into the recovery position;
    Jaw Thrust to open airway; Why do we open airway? Bandaging and Splinting;
    How to Immobilize an Ankle; Soft Splint; How to Apply a Sling & Swathe; Anatomic Splint
  • certmobilevideos: Unit 4. Disaster Medical Operations, Part 2
    Head to Toe Assessment; Proper Disposable Glove Removal
  • videos: Unit 5. Disaster Psychology
    Disaster Psychology; Psychological First Aid; Brené Brown on Empathy
  • videos: Unit 6. Fire Safety and Utility Controls
    Fire Safety Roles; Fire Chemistry; How To Turn Off Electricity; Shut off Gas;
    Fire Size Up; Fire Extinguishers; Fire Dangers; Fire Don'ts; Grease Fire Safety
  • videos: Unit 7. Light Search and Rescue
    Cribbing; Survivor Lifts & Carries
  • videos: Unit 8. CERT and Terrorism
    Recognizing 8 Signs of Terrorism; RUN HIDE FIGHT - Surviving an Active Shooter Event
  • videos: Natural Disasters / Hazards
    Earthquakes; Floods; Heatwaves; Hurricanes; Landslides; Nuclear Power Plants; Pandemic Flu;
    Thunderstorms; Tsunamis; Volcanoes; Wildfires; Winter Storms; Tornadoes
  • videos: Supplemental Unit. Triage
    Mass Casualty Triage Sequence; Head to Toe Assessment; Proper Disposable Glove Removal
  • in-person exercises (when safe): cribbing, fire suppression, first aid, radio communication
  • extricate 235The training is fun and challenging.
  • People with previous experience in emergency response will learn new techniques to be more effective.
  • People with no previous experience will likely find they can do more to help
    in the community during a disaster than they ever thought possible.
  • Hands-on segments include (deferred during pandemic) :
  • Real-life Disaster Simulation: small teams apply all the skills they've learned:
    keep safe, organize and communicate effectively, locate and extricate victims, classify and treat injuries.
  • fire 235Extrication: CERT volunteers use cribbing and leverage to stabilize debris and safely extricate a victim.
    Working in teams, volunteers must organize themselves with a crew leader, safety person, and crew members
    who can listen carefully and follow directions. The class is taught by firefighters who make it a challenging
    but fun exercise while emphasizing the importance of rescuer safety. video: cribbing
  • Fire and Hazmat: CERT classes offer classroom and hands-on instruction in fire suppression,
    taught by firefighters from Ashland Fire and Rescue. Topics are covered first in the classroom,
    then you will practice hands-on use of a fire extinguisher. Participants need protective gloves,
    goggles, long pants and closed shoes for this exercise. video 2:01;
    PASS: Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze handle, Sweep nozzle at base of fire
  • For Hazmat (hazardous materials) the CERT standard equipment includes binoculars
    to recognize and get away or STAY AWAY from hazmat incidents,
    so that they do not become victims themselves.
  • Disaster Medical: CERT volunteers spend several hours in the classroom learning disaster triage,
    how to set up a medical area in a mass casualty incident, how to do basic first aid,
    and how to safely transport injured victims out of the disaster area. You are trained
    med 234to take care of the injured and keep track of them until they are transported by ambulance.
    All medical classes are taught by firefighter-paramedics.
  • Radio Communication: Learn to operate CERT-provided handsets and FRS radios effectively.
    Communicate clearly and concisely between teams and/or command posts
    using the 3 Cs template: Contact, Communicate, Confirm.
  • After completing a written classroom test,
    an online FEMA course: IS-317.A: Introduction to Community Emergency Response Team,
    and an all-day disaster simulation, congratulations you've completed Basic Training
    -- the knowledge gained should be invaluable to you and your family.
  • After Basic Training, in order to become a CERT volunteer and assist the larger community,
    complete a city background check, and more FEMA Independent Study (IS) online courses:
    IS-100.C: Introduction to the Incident Command System (ICS) and
    IS-700.B: An Introduction to the National Incident Management System
  • team 1117Active CERT members are issued a CERT photo badge and
    identifying gear: helmet, vest and cap.
  • Gradually assemble a "ready bag" with basic supplies and PPE
    (personal protective equipment).
  • Maintain active status by attending several meetings or
    refresher mini-trainings each year.
  • When mobilized (and available), contribute to CERT missions,
    -- activation usually via CERT Nixle message group or backup hotline: 541-552-2378 (-CERT)
    e.g., damage assessment [on: right: Almeda, 9/8/2020],
    disaster simulations, call center, parade support, etc.
  • hamsEven more ways to contribute to CERT:
  • assist at or manage training sessions
  • volunteer as a victim -- with moulage and acting role -- for disaster simulations
  • learn leadership skills
  • take FEMA courses, e.g., IS-200.C: Basic ICS for Initial Response;
  • Ashland: Disaster Training Opportunities;
  • outreach to the community: Nixle signups, MYN Facilitator,
    teach preparedness classes;
  • update member and training materials;
    maintain supplies at bases around town;
  • study for your Ham license and join the Ham Radio group;
    tune into the CERT Ham weekly practice net: each Mon eve
    at 19:45 (7:45 pm) on the Mt. Baldy repeater (K7JAX) 146.840 (-.6; PL 123.0)
    near Phoenix, OR; supported by JC ARES

Wildfire Risk Assessment Program (WRAP)

  • Ashland Wildfire Safety Commission recently (3/1/2021) developed a
    volunteer-based Wildfire Risk Assessment Program (WRAP): ashland.or.us/wrap
    in collaboration with Oregon State University Extension and regional partners.
  • WRAP will train volunteers to conduct one-on-one residential wildfire risk assessments.
  • Volunteer training involves six weeks of online course work, a background check,
    field testing and 100 hours per year of assessment service.
  • Volunteer instructors will include Rogue Valley fire experts and national partners.

redcrossOther Training and Volunteer Opportunities

Disaster Preparedness: 11. Disaster Resources

Disaster Preparedness: 11. Disaster Resources

AIRResources

American Red Cross
Ashland Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)
Ashland Emergency Radio Frequency
Ashland Fire & Rescue Non-Emergency Line
Ashland Fire & Rescue Smoke and Wildfire Hotline
Ashland Firewise
Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
Citizen Alert (Nixle)
City of Ashland
Department of Homeland Security
Disaster Registry (Rogue Valley)
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Jackson County Health & Human Services (HHS)
National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
National Weather Service
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
Oregon Department of Forestry Wildfire Information (ODF)
Oregon Department of Geology (DOGAMI)
Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) Trip Check
Oregon Office of Emergency Management (OEM)
Oregon Smoke Information
Pacific Northwest Seismic Network
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
redcross.org
ashlandcert.org
1700AM
541-482-2770
541-552-2490
ashlandfirewise.org
cdc.gov
ashland.or.us/alert
ashland.or.us
ready.gov
rvcog.org/disaster-registry
fema.gov
jacksoncountyor.org/hhs/public-health
noaa.gov
weather.gov
oregon.gov/deq
facebook.com/odfsouthwest
oregongeology.org
tripcheck.com
oregon.gov/oem
oregonsmoke.blogspot.com
pnsn.org
usgs.gov