Definition

"Network neutrality is a principle that advocates no restrictions by Internet service providers or governments on consumers' access to networks that participate in the internet. Specifically, network neutrality would prevent restrictions on content, sites, platforms, types of equipment that may be attached, and modes of communication." ~Wikipedia

• for example: your ISP blocking/slowing competitor's video streaming or VOIP(phone) service
  
  
• The skinny on Net neutrality (FAQ)
  
  
• FAQ: Net Neutrality and Why You Should Care
  
  
• US net neutrality rules finalized, in effect November 20
  
  
• FCC Final Rule: Preserving the Open Internet
  • transparency: fixed and mobile broadband providers must disclose the network management practices, performance characteristics, and commercial terms of their broadband services.
  • no blocking: fixed broadband providers may not block lawful content, applications, services, or non-harmful devices; mobile broadband providers may not block lawful websites, or block applications that compete with their voice or video telephony services.
  • no unreasonable discrimination: fixed broadband providers may not unreasonably discriminate in transmitting lawful network traffic."
    
    

Pro

• by content providers (Google, Amazon,...); non-profit orgs (advocacy, religious, ...)
  
  
• Control of data; Digital rights and freedoms; Competition and innovation; Preserving Internet standards; Preventing pseudo-services; End-to-end principle (Wikipedia: pro)
  
  
• Berners-Lee warns ISPs on net neutrality Inventor of world wide web says plans for 'two-speed' internet go against its principles
  
  
• Net Neutrality absolutely vital to assuring progressive free speech
  
  
• A virtual counter-revolution: powerful forces are threatening to balkanise it
  
  
• The Most Important Free Speech Issue of Our Time
  
  
• Free Press: FCC net neutrality rules don't go far enough (esp. for wireless)
  
  
• Net neutrality and the value of the Internet
  
  

Con

• by telecom companies and cable providers
  
  
• Property rights; Innovation and investment; Counterweight to server-side non-neutrality; Bandwidth availability; Opposition to legislation/regulation (Wikipedia: con)
  
  
• Republican spectrum plan would kill Net neutrality
  
  
• Current competition among Internet companies is best path for consumers
  
  

For more info: Content Access: Net Neutrality

[updated: 04-Oct-2011] [.pdf]