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1980 : Metcalfe's law : network effects ; "value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users" Internet Movie Database 1981 : Hosts: 213 with another host connecting approximately every twenty days IPv4 : ~4.3 billion (232 ) Internet Protocol (IP) addresses; IPv4 "address exhaustion" : from ever more users and devices"A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there." What is an IP address? ; Can you really be traced from your IP address? 3/28/2011 CSNet Computer Science Network ; BITNET Because It's There Network ; How did the Internet start?: Early Networks Minitel ; On the Farms of France, the Death of a Pixelated Workhorse 6/27/2012 IBM PC ; MS-DOS ; Microsoft Quiz Osborne 1 : portable computer ; What was the first portable computer? ; 30 years of mobile computing 4/5/2011 True Names Vernor Vinge : Transhumanism ; cyberpunk ; What's the technological singularity? 1982 : map Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) : sending email ; How E-mail Works: The SMTP Server FAQ Frequently Asked Questions ; emoticon :-) originated 1881 European UNIX Network EUNet 1983 : Hosts: 562; map Apple Lisa ; Tech Time Warp of the Week 10/25/2013 SUN workstation "Stanford University Network"; SUN Microsystems; Unix Viewtron : videotex ; Why didn't Internet on TV take off in 1983? video 1984 : Hosts: 1024; initial set of top-level "general purpose" domains: .com, .edu, .net, .gov, .mil, .orgDomain Name System (DNS) List of Internet top-level domains ; generic top-level domains (gTLDs) How Domain Name Servers Work ; What are the standard top-level domain names and who controls them? Where are all the Internet domain names registered and maintained? cybersquatting registering a domain name that should belong to someone else with that trademark typosquatting aka URL hijacking; e.g., googl.com First new gTLDs added to the root zone of the Domain Name System the gTLD process will result in expansion of top-level domains from 22 to up to 1400; 10/23/2013 Coming Soon to the Internet: The .whatever Address 6/20/2011 New Internet Designations Created The Onion: .trump,.whyisthisawebsite,...; 6/21/2012 Cisco Systems : network switch , router ; Cisco history ; The Long and Wireless Road to a Home Router 4/7/2011 How Routers Work ; Router Quiz ; How Routing Algorithms Work How LAN Switches Work ; How Home Networking Works ; Home Networking Quiz Network Address Translation (NAT) ; How Network Address Translation Works ; How Internet Infrastructure Works How to Secure Your Home Network ; How hard is it to set up a network between two computers in my home? videos: home connection; 0:45 ; home networking; 3:16
Why Support Tells You to Wait 10 Seconds Before Rebooting Your Router 7/19/2013 Why Do I Have to Keep Resetting My Router, and How Can I Fix It? 6/16/2012 FidoNet : worldwide computer network used to communicate between bulletin board systemsMacintosh Apple Hands on with the first Mac: Apple's Macintosh 128K 'review'; 1/24/2014 The Mac and other things turning 30 in 2014 1/24/2014 Apple: 30 Years of the Mac 1/24/2014 NoteCards hypertext personal knowledge basesystem ; Xerox PARC film: The Terminator : Skynet, self-aware defense networkDARPA Tried to Build Skynet in the 1980s 12/18/2013 Neuromancer William Gibson : cyberspace ; 10 of the World?s Most Groundbreaking Futurists: 5: William Gibson What Is War in the Digital Realm? A Reality Check on the Meaning of 'Cyberspace' 11/26/2013 1985 : Hosts: 1961symbolics.com 1st registered domain; now, ad site WELL Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link : virtual communities , social networking service Windows 1.0 ; Windows' Rivals: The Ones That Didn't Make It Visi On; TopView; GEM; DESQview; DeskMate; GEOS; 11/24/2010 film: Tron Did this 1985 film coin the phrase 'information superhighway' and predict Siri? ATT video; 6/21/2012 1986 : Hosts: 2,308Supercomputer Network Study Act of 1986 introduced by Sen. Albert GoreInternet Engineering Task Force (IETF) : Request for Comments (RFC) over 1000 issued ; Who owns the Internet? Meet the Man Who Invented the Instructions for the Internet Steve Crocker; RFCs; 5/18/2012 Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) foundation for HTML (web) and EPUB (e-books) LISTSERV : electronic mailing list Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) for newsgroups ; How Newsgroups Work 1987 : Hosts: 28,174; maps: Internet , NSFNet GIF: Graphics Interchange Format Compuserve How Web Animation Works ; Why are there so many different image formats on the Web? HyperCard Apple ; Intermedia Brown Univ. 25 years of HyperCard -- the missing link to the Web before the World Wide Web did anything, HyperCard did everything; 5/30/2012 Knowledge Navigator : search agent Apple; set in 2011. not realized except... How Apple Invented The Future (and the iPad) in 1986 10/24/2011 ; How Siri Works Project 2000 student competition in 1988; 5/10/2007 1988 : Hosts: 56,000; connections to Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, Norway...NeXT Computer Steve Jobs; used at CERN for web Computer Emergency Response Team Internet security incidents and cyberthreats; (not Ashland CERT ) Malware : short for malicious software, is a general term used to refer to a variety of forms of hostile or intrusive software,Videos: malware: viruses, trojans, worms, 2:32
Reporting From the Web?s Underbelly cybersecurity blog, Krebs on Security , covers a particularly dark corner of the Internet: profit-seeking cybercriminals, many based in Eastern Europe, who make billions off pharmaceutical sales, malware, spam, frauds and heists; 2/16/2014 How to Detect Online Scams ; What?s the Difference Between Viruses, Trojans, Worms, and Other Malware?
Viruses Wreak Havoc On Your Files
Spyware Steals Your Information
Scareware Holds Your PC for Ransom
Trojan Horses Install a Backdoor
Worms Infect Through the Network
Worm : malware that actively transmits itself (automatically, w/o user intervention) over a network to infect other computersexamples: Shockwave Rider 1975 S-F novel ; Morris Worm 1988 ; Conflicker 2008 ; Stuxnet 2010; Iran uranium centrifuges
The Stuxnet Worm Had an Evil Secret Twin 11/20/2013 Eye-opening ?Morris worm? turns 25 tomorrow here's how a Boston PBS station covered the story at the time; 11/1/2013 Virus : malware that has infected some executable software and, when run (usually by user opening a program, email or document), causes the virus to spread.How Computer Viruses Work ; How to Know if Your Computer is Infected with a Virus ; How do viruses and worms spread in e-mail? 10 Worst Computer Viruses of All Time ; Nine Common Myths and Misconceptions About Viruses, Examined and Debunked How to Delete the Worst Computer Virus: Part 1 , Part 2 6/12/2013
Trojan Horse : malware that appears benign/desirable but conceals malicious code; e.g., Zeus (2007-) ; How Trojan Horses Work Botnet : collection of Internet-connected programs communicating with other similar programs in order to perform tasks -- some may be malwareZombie computer : malware used to send email spam, to host contraband data such as child pornography, or to extort via distributed denial-of-service attacks.How Zombie Computers Work ; How to Fix Your Zombie Computer Spyware : malware that monitors users' web browsing, displays unsolicited advertisements, or redirects affiliate marketing revenues to the spyware creator.Keystroke logging is the action of recording (or logging) the keys struck on a keyboard, typically in a covert manner, e.g., passwordsHow Spyware Works ; How to Avoid Spyware ; How to Scan for and Remove Spyware Rootkits modify the host's operating system so that the malware is hidden from the user.Ransomware : restricts access to the system that it infects, and demands a ransom paid to the creator of the malware in order to remove the restriction.Logic bomb : malware triggered by certain conditions, e.g., programmer fired; How does a logic bomb work? Hacker (black hat) ; How Hackers Work ; Firewall ; How Firewalls Work ; Computer Security Quiz Internet Relay Chat (IRC) : online chat synchronous conferencing How do web conferencing programs work? ; How Web Conferencing Security Works ; How to Host a Web Conference ; Quiz How Web Seminars Work ; How Online Presentations Work 1989 : Hosts: 100,000+; connection to commercial services and Internet Service Providers (ISP) , e.g., CompuserveThe First Analysis Of The Web: Vague, But Exciting Berners-Lee's first proposal; 4/18/2012 The Web at 25 in the U.S. Pew; overall verdict: The internet has been a plus for society and an especially good thing for individual users; 2/27/2014 America OnLine (AOL) formerly Quantum Link ; How AOL Mail Works Instant Messaging (IM) ; How AOL Instant Messenger Works ; video; 1:50 Fetch : ftp client (application)The Decades That Invented the Future Part 9: 1980s Space Shuttle Columbia; IBM PC; Macintosh; MTV; Miracle on Ice; Leveraged Buyout; Nintendo NES; Sandra Day O'Conner; Stealth; Additive Manufacturing (early 3D printing); In-Car Stereos; Autofocus; 12/21/2012
Computing Timelines: 1980s
Computer History Museum: 1980s
Paleofuture: 1980s
Amazing ?80s Ads From Omni , the Mag That Defined Geekdom 2/27/2014
Book traversal links for Internet: 1980s
IPv4: ~4.3 billion (232) Internet Protocol (IP) addresses; IPv4 "address exhaustion": from ever more users and devices
Macintosh Apple
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) foundation for HTML (web) and EPUB (e-books)
GIF: Graphics Interchange Format Compuserve
Knowledge Navigator: search agent Apple; set in 2011. not realized except...
